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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD, and appear to boost and balance levels of brain chemicals. They are not able to treat the disorder, but rather manage symptoms if taken regularly. The side effects of ADHD medication may include a change in blood pressure and heart rate, upset stomach, anxiety and tics. Some children and teenagers who are taking stimulant drugs have a slight decrease in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and the most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD. It is available in many forms including chewable tablet, a liquid as well as a long-acting oral disintegrating tablet, and an extended-release pill. The drug increases levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This improves concentration. It can also help reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methylphenidate is a proven treatment for ADHD in conjunction with other treatments, like behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters which eliminate these neurotransmitters naturally from the brain. The medication can cause a slight increase in blood pressure and heart rate. It can also cause a rapid change in blood sugar levels, which is why people with diabetes should be careful when taking this medication. Talk to your doctor if you notice any of these signs. Methylphenidate is also known to cause Raynaud's phenomenon which causes numbness in the fingers and feet. This is an uncommon side effect, but it is important to notify your doctor if you have these symptoms. There is some concerns that methylphenidate may slow the growth of children, but it hasn't been proven to be the situation. If your child is taking methylphenidate make sure you be aware of their weight and height. If your child is taking chewable tablets of methylphenidate that contains phenylalanine which can be dangerous for children suffering from the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). If you suffer from PKU, consult your doctor about the different formulations of methylphenidate. Some people are unable to take stimulants which are the most popular choice of medication for treating ADHD. In these cases doctors might prescribe other medications that function similarly. In addition to methylphenidate, there are other stimulants like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine. These drugs are a little stronger than methylphenidate and can last longer. They are usually taken two to three times per day however some people may take them more often. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however, they are less effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also known as Strattera and is a nonstimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration, while decreasing hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is part of a class called selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It works by increasing levels of norepinephrine and dopamine two chemical messengers that control brain activity. It is popular with adults and children who seek an alternative to stimulants like Adderall or Vyvanse. It is important to remember that atomoxetine is not effective instantly, and it can take up to six weeks for the effects of the medication to be evident. You may also experience adverse effects like drowsiness and nausea. However the benefits of atomoxetine far outweigh the risks for most patients. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study of 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18 years old, the effectiveness of atomoxetine is verified. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either atomoxetine at a daily dose 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine and placebo groups, symptoms of depression were less. The atomoxetine group saw more improvements in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. The improvement was sporadic. In a second open trial, 10 ADHD patients who did not respond to stimulants were given an atomoxetine treatment over 8 weeks. The atomoxetine treatment group showed improvement in ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo with scores on Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Screening version rated and the Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales gaining significant. One patient however, experienced a rash and withdrew from the study. In addition, three patients experienced gastrointestinal issues that were transient and one patient reported fatigue that was more severe (Kratochvil and co., 2005). Talk to your doctor before you begin treatment with atomoxetine. Discuss your medical history, including any supplements or medications you take. This includes herbal remedies as well as over-the-counter medications. It is especially important to tell your doctor if there is narrow-angle glaucoma, a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor, high blood pressure, heart disease, or a history of sudden death. You should avoid the use of atomoxetine when you've been taking an MAO-inhibitor such as isocarboxazid and linezolid within the last 14 days, or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine, or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion is a nonstimulant that can aid in reducing symptoms of ADHD. It can also reduce impulsivity, and increase concentration. However, it does not affect the brain the way stimulants do. It's only available on prescription. Your doctor will determine the most appropriate dosage for you. Bupropion comes in tablets and extended-release capsules. It is important to take the medication as prescribed. You might experience withdrawal symptoms if you stop suddenly. It's typically taken two or three times per day with a gap of 4-6 hours between each dose. The dose can vary from 100mg two or three times a day to 150mg four or three times every day. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract, and then is excreted in urine, which means that it cannot be absorbed into breast milk. However, it could enter the bloodstream and impact other organs. Bupropion can increase your blood pressure, making it vital to monitor it regularly. In addition to improving the symptoms of ADHD In addition, bupropion may reduce depression. It can also be used to treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine receptors inside your brain. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, is blocked from entering your brain, which helps stabilize mood. Bupropion can interact with other drugs It's therefore important to inform your doctor of any other medications you're taking. It's also important to determine whether you suffer from any allergies. You should also avoid caffeine or other stimulants that can make the side effects worse. In several studies, bupropion was compared to placebos for adults with ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed, and the majority of studies were not conducted properly. Many of these studies did not include participants with psychiatric co-morbidity. The results suggest that bupropion has a small effect on ADHD. However, more research is needed to determine positive patient-centered outcomes such as improvements in quality of life. Before effective treatments can be developed it is essential to gain a better understanding of the molecular causes of ADHD. This is a greater understanding of the connection between molecular pathways. It's also important to understand how anti-ADHD drugs work in conjunction with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants When the stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD do not work or cause undesirable side effects, doctors might look to antidepressants for treatment. These medications, such as imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), are effective in boosting the neurotransmitters norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the brain to help people focus. These older drugs can have severe negative side negative effects. They are usually only employed when other drugs are not working. The first choice of antidepressants for depression is typically a selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) like fluoxetine sertraline, citalopram, or escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants continue to be used in certain cases, despite their long history. adhd medication list are also effective in treating neuropathic pain and have an additional pain-relieving effect that is distinct from their antidepressant activity. They enhance the noradrenephrine receptor by blocking its reuptake. They also function as descending modulators for pain pathways in spinal cord. SSRIs are less toxic and have fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. In addition, they're safer during pregnancy and don't appear to be teratogenic in animals or humans. But they can have significant withdrawal symptoms if they are stopped abruptly. To minimize these side effects, your doctor might suggest reducing the dosage gradually over several weeks. Although it isn't officially recognized by the FDA as a treatment for adhd, bupropion is a commonly prescribed antidepressant off-label to treat ADHD. It is believed to work by increasing neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which increases concentration. It is also believed to alleviate anxiety and stress. It can be combined with stimulants to produce quicker and lasting results. While there aren't any FDA-approved nonstimulant medications for ADHD however, many people find relief with the use of supplements to their diets and herbs. A diet low in fat and sugar may also help to reduce ADHD symptoms. Some people might also benefit by abstaining from caffeine. Inform your doctor about all medications that you or your child take such as herbal remedies and prescription drugs. This will help prevent interactions and minimize unwanted adverse effects. ADHD medications can affect people differently. It may take some trial and error before you find the right dosage and drug for your child or yourself.
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