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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, which are the most commonly prescribed treatment for ADHD, appear to regulate brain chemicals and boost their levels. They are not able to treat the disorder, but rather help manage symptoms if they are they are taken regularly. The side effects of ADHD medications may include changes in blood pressure as well as heart rate, anxiety, and tics. Certain teenagers and children who are taking stimulant drugs have a slight decrease in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nerve stimulant, is the most common drug used to treat ADHD. It is available in many forms, including a chewable tablet that is liquid, a long-acting orally disintegrating tablet and an extended-release pill. The drug increases the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, helping to increase concentration. It may also reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression. When used in conjunction with other treatments such as behavioral therapy, methylphenidate could be a very effective treatment for ADHD. Methylphenidate works by blocking the transporters that normally remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug can cause a slight increase in heart rate or blood pressure. It may also trigger a rapid change in blood sugar levels, so people with diabetes should be cautious when taking this medication. If you have any of these side effects, talk to your doctor. Methylphenidate is also known to cause a condition called Raynaud's phenomenon that causes numbness as well as pain in the fingers and toes. This is a rare, but serious side result. It is essential to inform your doctor if any of these symptoms are observed. There are some who believe that methylphenidate may slow children's growth. However this hasn't been proven. If your child is taking methylphenidate, be sure to be attentive to their weight and height. If your child takes a tablet containing methylphenidate, the phenylalanine in it can be dangerous for children suffering from Phenylketonuria. If you suffer from PKU, ask your doctor about different forms of methylphenidate. Certain people have issues with stimulants which are the most popular treatment for ADHD. In these cases doctors might prescribe other medications that work in a similar way. In addition to methylphenidate, there are other stimulants such as dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine. These are more potent than methylphenidate, and they can last longer. They are usually taken twice to three times per day, but some people can take them more frequently. Psychological treatments are also available to treat ADHD however, they are less likely to prove effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also called Strattera and is a non-stimulant ADHD drug that boosts concentration while decreasing the impulsivity and hyperactivity. It belongs to a class known as selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It works by increasing levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, two chemical messengers which control brain activity. It is popular among children and adults who want an alternative to stimulants such as Adderall or Vyvanse. It is important to know that atomoxetine does not work immediately. It may take up to 6 weeks before the effects of this medication become apparent. Additionally, you could experience side-effects such as drowsiness, decreased appetite, and upset stomach. For most patients the benefits of taking atomoxetine outweigh the risks. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study that was conducted on 297 ADHD patients aged between 12 and 18, the effectiveness of atomoxetine has been verified. Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine at a daily dose 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for a period of 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine as well as placebo groups, symptoms of depression were less. adult add medications with atomoxetine showed more improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However the improvement was only modest (Michelson and co. 2001). In another open trial in another open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who were unable to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine for 8 weeks. The atomoxetine group demonstrated improved ADHD symptoms when compared to the placebo group, with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version as well as the Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale increasing significantly. One patient however, experienced an rash and resigned from the study. Additionally, three patients reported intermittent gastrointestinal problems and one reported increased fatigue (Kratochvil et al 2005). Before beginning treatment with atomoxetine, talk to your doctor about your health history and any other medications or supplements that you're taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as prescription medications. It is particularly important to tell your doctor if you suffer from narrow-angle glaucoma or a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor and high blood pressure heart disease, or a history of sudden death. You should stay clear of the use of atomoxetine if you've taken an MAO-inhibitor like isocarboxazid or linezolid in the past 14 days, or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine, or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion is a nonstimulant that can aid in reducing symptoms of ADHD. It also helps reduce impulsivity, and increase focus. However, it does not affect the brain in the same way that stimulants do. It's only available on prescription. Your doctor will determine the right dosage for you. Bupropion is available as tablets and capsules. It is important to take the medication as prescribed. There are withdrawal symptoms that can occur if you stop suddenly. It's typically taken two or three times per day with a 4-6 hour interval between each dose. The dose can range between 100 mg twice or three times per day up to 150 mg three or four times a day. The drug is absorbed into the digestive tract and excreted into urine, meaning it can't enter breast milk. However, it can enter the bloodstream and affect other organs. Bupropion increases blood pressure. It's important to check it regularly. Bupropion is a great drug that, in addition to reducing ADHD symptoms, can also reduce depression. It also helps treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine receptors within your brain. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, is blocked from entering your brain, which can help stabilize mood. Bupropion may interact with other medications. Tell your doctor if you are taking any other medication. It's also important to determine whether you suffer from any allergies. Also, avoid caffeine and other stimulants that could make the adverse effects more severe. In several studies, bupropion was compared to placebos for adults with ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed and the majority of them were not conducted properly. Furthermore, adhd medications uk of them excluded participants with psychiatric comorbidity. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion can have a slight effect on ADHD. However, more research is needed to determine positive patient-centered outcomes like improvements in quality of life. Before effective treatments can be created it is crucial to have a better understanding of the molecular forms of ADHD. This is a greater understanding of the relationship between different molecular pathways. It's also important to understand how anti-ADHD drugs function in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants can be prescribed by doctors if stimulants prescribed for children with ADHD don't work or cause side negative effects. These medications, such as imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), are effective in boosting the neurotransmitters norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the brain to help people concentrate. These are older medications that may have a number of adverse effects, so they're usually tried only when other medications have failed. The first option of antidepressants for depression is typically a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) like fluoxetine sertraline, citalopram, or escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants continue to be used in certain instances despite their long-standing history. These medications are effective in treating neuropathic pain and other conditions however their antidepressant effect is not the identical. They potentiate the noradrenephrine receptor through blocking its reuptake. They also act as descending moderators for pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs are less harmful and have less adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also less harmful during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic for animals or humans. However, they may cause severe withdrawal symptoms if abruptly stopped. To minimize these side effects, your doctor may suggest reducing the dose gradually over several weeks. Bupropion, an antidepressant commonly prescribed off-label to treat ADHD however, it is not FDA approved as a treatment for adhd. It's thought to increase the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and acetylcholine within the brain to improve concentration. It also has been proven to reduce anxiety, and it can be combined with stimulants for more rapid and long-lasting results. There are no FDA-approved non-stimulant ADHD medications, however many people have found relief through herbal remedies and supplements to their diets. A diet that is low in sugar and fat may also aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. In the same way, removing caffeine can also be helpful to some people. It is important to inform your doctor about all medications that you or your child is taking, including prescription medications and herbal remedies. This will help minimize unwanted side effects as well as prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect every person differently, so it's sometimes a trial and error to find the right drug and dosage for you or your child.
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