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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD, and appear to increase and regulate levels of brain chemicals. However, they do not cure the condition and will only aid in managing symptoms so long as they're taken regularly. The side effects of ADHD medications may include changes in blood pressure, heart rate, anxiety, and tics. Some children and teenagers who take stimulant drugs have a slight decrease in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant for the central nervous system and the most commonly prescribed drug to treat ADHD. It is available in many forms such as a chewable tablet that is liquid, a long-acting orally disintegrating tablet, and an extended-release pill. The drug increases the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which help to increase concentration. It can also lessen the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methylphenidate can be a successful treatment for ADHD in conjunction with other treatments, including behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters which remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug may cause an increase in blood pressure or heart rate. It can also cause rapid changes in blood sugar levels, so people with diabetes should be cautious when taking this medication. If you have any of these side effects, talk to your doctor. Methylphenidate may also trigger a condition called Raynaud's phenomenon, which causes numbness and discomfort in the fingers and toes. It is a rare but serious side effect. adhd and medication is crucial to inform your doctor if any of these symptoms develop. There is some concern that methylphenidate slows the growth of children, but it hasn't been proved to be the case. If your child is taking methylphenidate, be sure to be aware of their weight and height. If your child is taking tablets containing methylphenidate and phenylalanine is present, it could be harmful for children suffering from Phenylketonuria. Ask your doctor about a different formulation of methylphenidate in case you suffer from PKU. Stimulants are considered the first-choice medication for treating ADHD, but some people have trouble with these medications. In these cases, doctors could prescribe another medication that works in a similar way. Besides methylphenidate, there are other stimulants such as dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine. These substances are more powerful than methylphenidate and may last longer. They are usually taken at least three times a day however some individuals might be able take them more often. Psychological treatments are also available to treat ADHD however they are less likely to be beneficial than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also called Strattera and is a non-stimulant ADHD drug that increases concentration while reducing hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is part of a class called selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. It works by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemical messengers which control the brain's activity. It is popular among adults and children who seek a different medication than stimulants like Adderall or Vyvanse. It is important to know that atomoxetine isn't a drug that works instantly. It could take up to six weeks before the effects of this medication are evident. Additionally, you may be afflicted by side effects such as reduced appetite, drowsiness and stomach upset. For the majority of patients the advantages of taking atomoxetine far outweigh any risks. The efficacy of atomoxetine has been confirmed in a multisite double-blind placebo-controlled study involving 297 ADHD patients between the ages of 12 and 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the daily dose of atomoxetine 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine group and the placebo group experienced decrease in the symptoms of depression. The atomoxetine treatment group showed more improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to the placebo group. However, the improvement was modest (Michelson and colleagues 2001). In a follow-up open trial that included 10 ADHD patients who were not responding to stimulants were given the treatment of atomoxetine for eight weeks. The group treated with atomoxetine showed improvement in ADHD symptoms when compared to the placebo group and scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale increasing significantly. One patient had to withdraw due to a rash. Three patients experienced gastrointestinal issues that were transient and one experienced increased fatigue (Kratochvil and colleagues, 2005). Before you begin treatment with atomoxetine, talk to your doctor about your medical history and any other supplements or medications that you are taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as prescription medications. Discuss with your doctor when any of the following conditions occur for narrow-angle glaucoma thyroid or adrenal gland tumour and high blood pressure heart disease or a history sudden death. Also, be wary of atomoxetine in the event that you have taken an MAO inhibitor, such as isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue injection rasagiline, phenelzine or tranylcypromine within the last 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion, a nonstimulant, can help to improve ADHD symptoms. It can also reduce the amount of impulsivity and improve concentration. However, it does not affect the brain in the way stimulants do. It's available by prescription only. Your doctor will determine the right dosage for you. Bupropion comes in tablets and capsules. It's important to take the medication exactly as directed. You may experience withdrawal symptoms if you stop suddenly. It's usually taken twice or three times daily with a gap of 4-6 hours between each dose. The dose can vary from 100mg two or three times a day to 150mg three or four times daily. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract and eliminated into urine, meaning it isn't able to enter breast milk. However, it could be absorbed into the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion can increase blood pressure. It is essential to check it regularly. Bupropion can, in addition to helping to reduce ADHD symptoms, can also reduce depression. It can also be used to treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine receptors in your brain. This stops the neurotransmitter, dopamine, from reaching your brain. This helps stabilize your mood. Bupropion can interact with other medications It's therefore important to inform your doctor of any other medications you're taking. It's important to let your doctor know that you have any allergies. You should also avoid caffeine or other stimulants that can make the side effects more severe. A number of studies have compared bupropion with placebos in adults with ADHD. These studies had mixed results, and many were poorly conducted. Many of these studies excluded people with psychiatric disorders co-morbidity. The data indicate that bupropion has a modest impact on ADHD. Further research is needed to determine the positive effects for patients, such as an improvement in quality of life. Additionally, a more precise understanding of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is required before effective treatment can be developed. This includes a better knowledge of the relationship between molecular pathways. Moreover, it's critical to know how various anti-ADHD agents work in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants If the stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD aren't effective or cause adverse side effects, doctors might consider antidepressants as a treatment. These medications, such as imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), work by increasing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the brain to aid in concentration. These older drugs can have severe side negative effects. They are usually only used when other medications do not work. The first option for depression-related antidepressants is typically an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake (SSRI), such as sertraline, fluoxetine or citalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still used in certain cases, despite their long history. They also work in reducing neuropathic pain. They also have a second pain-relieving action that is distinct from their antidepressant properties. They potentiate noradrenephrine by inhibiting its reuptake. They also function as descending modulators of pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs are less harmful and have fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They're also safer in the womb and aren't teratogenic in humans or animals. If suddenly stopped, they may cause withdrawal symptoms that are severe. Your doctor may recommend slowly lowering the dose over several weeks to lessen the negative effects. Bupropion, a popular antidepressant prescribed off-label to treat ADHD however, it is not FDA approved as an adhd drug. It is believed to increase neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine or dopamine in the brain, which improves concentration. It is also believed to ease anxiety, and it can be combined with stimulants for more rapid and sustained results. There are no FDA-approved non-stimulant ADHD medications, however many people find relief from herbal remedies and dietary supplements. A diet that is low in fat and sugar may help reduce ADHD symptoms. In the same way, removing caffeine can also be helpful to some people. Inform your doctor about all medications that you or your child take as well as herbal remedies and prescription drugs. This can help reduce unwanted side effects and prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect everyone differently, which is why it's often a process of trial and error to find the right drug and dosage for your child or yourself.
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