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The Evolution Site

The concept of natural selection as the underlying principle of evolution is the central force in the field of modern biology. It ties together disciplines as diverse as genetics, microbiology and the study of palaeontology.

However the study of evolution is often controversial and the resultant misinformation can confuse people regarding the fundamentals of evolution. This Web site helps to clarify the fundamental concepts.

What is Evolution?

The current understanding of evolution focuses on the gradual change that occurs within populations over time. These changes are the result of natural selection, which increases the number of organisms that have traits that are beneficial and enable them to live and reproduce in a particular environment. These organisms produce more offspring because of the beneficial traits. This can result in a genetic mutation that could eventually lead to new species.

The term "evolution" is often associated with "survival-of-the most fittest" which means that those who are better adjusted to certain conditions will have a distinct advantage over those less well adapted. In reality, this is only one of the many different ways in which evolution can occur.

Another way to use the word evolution is to suggest that species can change from one state to the next. This kind of view can be referred to as anagenetic or cladogenesis. The scientific definition of evolution does not support this view. Instead, the theory of evolution that is scientifically based focuses on changes that occur within populations over time, and these changes are caused by mutations that produce genomic variation and natural selection.

Some scientists, including the great Charles Darwin, advocated this view of evolution. Others, including Alfred Russel Wallace, who created the macroevolution theory, believed that this was the only way the higher forms of life could have evolved from the lower ones.

To be able to be called a theory, it has to be capable of surviving rigorous tests and evidence. Evolution has stood the test of time and has been proven to be valid in many scientific disciplines, from biology to geology, chemistry to astronomy. In fact, evolution is accepted as one of the foundations of science today, and is backed by the majority of scientists worldwide. However, there are many misconceptions about the theory of evolution, particularly how it relates to religion.

What is the Theory of Evolution (Evolutionary Theory)?

Evolution is the scientific explanation for the way living things change over time. It is based upon a few well-established facts: that many more offspring are produced than can be surviving as individuals differ in their physical characteristics, and that they can transmit traits to the next generation. These findings are supported by the increasing body of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology, functional morphology, climatology and geology.

The theory of evolution based on natural selection was initially conceived by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century to provide an explanation for how organisms adapt to their biological and physical environment. It is today the most supported and most extensively tested theory in the field of science. Its predictions were proven by the evidence that for instance, more complex organisms have less genetic mutations. The more successful an organism is in terms of survival and reproducing the more likely it is to transfer its genes to future generations.

Some people object to evolution because they believe that it implies that there is no reason to life. However, a lot of scientists who are also religious like the famous Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris, believe that evolution is not only compatible with belief in God but also enhances it (BioLogos 2014).

In actual fact, a significant number of highly trained evolutionary biologists, including a few who are respected evangelical Christian leaders have been involved in the creation and testing of the theory of evolution. ??????? of these scientists contributed to the understanding a vast array of phenomena, such as genomics and phylogenetics, as well as the formation and function fossils.

The term "theory" is sometimes used in a wrong sense to mean a guess or speculation, when in fact it refers to a scientific idea that has been rigorously tested and refined over time. Scientists test hypotheses by repeating the experiments or observations that led them to the conclusion. Thus, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly borne out and so have the theories of Copernican, atomic and germ theory.

What is the Process of Evolution?

The process of evolution is a gradual shift in the genetic makeup of different individuals within a species over time. This is the result of natural selection, which favors individuals who are better adapted to their environment. The more adapted individuals have higher chances of reproducing and survival. As more of these people survive and reproduce, their genes are more prevalent in the general population. This process is sometimes called "survival for the fittest."

According to the theory of evolution, the mutations that produce genetic variation are the basic basis for evolutionary change. These mutations can occur at random, or under the influence of the environment. When mutations occur randomly and the frequencies of alleles may vary from generation to generation. When a mutation is beneficial it will increase the frequency of alleles and cause the allele to spread throughout the population.

Changes in the frequency of alleles could lead to new species over time. The new species could continue to evolve and become newer forms. This process is called macroevolution. The formation of new species is typically caused by changes in the environment which makes certain resources available or creates new environmental issues. For instance, the development of finches in the Galapagos Islands is a result of the abundance of food sources and the need defend themselves from predators.

In a wider sense it is possible to define evolution as any change in the characteristics of living organisms over time. This change can be subtle, like the development of a new color or dramatic, like the formation of an organ.

Scientists who accept evolution theory generally believe that genetic change is important in creating evolution. They also agree that evolution is a process that happens over time, usually over millions of years. However, they differ over the role of different factors in speeding or slowing the process, including the influence of environmental pressures sexual selection, and mutation bias. Despite these differences, the majority of scientists believe that evolution has occurred and that the evidence for this is overwhelming.

What is the Evidence of Evolution?

Since Darwin's time, scientists have gathered evidence to support his theory of evolution. This evidence is gathered from fossils that show the evolution of living organisms over time. Other evidence is found in similarities among living organisms embryology, biogeography genetics and comparative anatomy.


The evolutionary tree is the most effective method to prove the existence of evolution. It shows how different species are closely related. Homologous structures are another source of evidence. They share a common structure but serve different purposes in different species, like the wings of a bird or bat. The fact that different species develop and adapt to the same environment is also evidence of evolution. For example, arctic foxes and ptarmigans have white fur coats that blend into snow and ice. This is a type of convergent evolutionary process which suggests the species shared ancestral ancestors.

Another piece of evidence is the existence of vestige structures, which are unutilized organs which could have served a function in a distant ancestor. For example the human appendix is a vestige of a once-used organ that served to digest food. These structures tend to shrink in size as they are no longer utilized which is a process referred to as natural selection.

Scientists have also collected evidence for evolution by observing and experimenting. Evidence for evolution is divided into six categories: directly observed small-scale changes, biogeographic patterns as well as comparative anatomy, fossil record, genetics, and classification. Each of these provides convincing evidence that evolution of life took place.

While many people are misinformed about the theory of evolution It is a scientific fact. It isn't only a theory, it is a mighty collection of years of research and observation that has been proven and tested. Scientists continue to collect and study new information to better understand the evolution of Earth's existence regardless of whether or not people believe in the theory of evolution or not. This knowledge will allow scientists to better understand how to prevent future global catastrophes, and how best to make use of the resources available on our planet. This information will also allow us to better serve the needs and wants of the people who live on our planet.

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