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Evolution Site - Teaching About Evolution Despite the best efforts of biology educators, misinformation about evolution persist. Pop science fiction has led a lot of people to believe that biologists don't believe evolution. This site, a companion to the PBS program, provides teachers with materials that promote evolution education, while avoiding the kinds of misconceptions which undermine it. It's arranged in a nested "bread crumb" format to facilitate navigation and orientation. Definitions Evolution is a complex and difficult subject matter to teach well. Non-scientists often misunderstand the subject, and some scientists even use a definition that confuses it. This is particularly true when it comes to discussions on the definition of the word itself. It is therefore crucial to define the terms used in evolutionary biology. The website for the PBS show, Understanding Evolution, does this in a clear and useful way. The site is a companion site to the show that premiered in 2001, but is also an independent resource. The content is presented in a way which aids navigation and orientation. The site defines terms such as common ancestor (or common ancestor), gradual process and adaptation. These terms help to define the nature of evolution and its relationship to other scientific concepts. The website then provides an overview of how the concept of evolution has been vetted and validated. This information can be used to dispel myths that have been created by creationists. You can also consult a glossary that contains terms used in evolutionary biology. These terms include: Adaptation is the tendency of hereditary traits to become better suited to an environment. This is the result of natural selection. Organisms with more adaptable characteristics are more likely than those with less adaptable characteristics to survive and reproduce. Common ancestor: The most recent common ancestor of two or more species. By analyzing DNA from these species, it is possible to determine the common ancestor. Deoxyribonucleic Acid: A huge biological molecular that contains the information needed for cell replication. The information is stored in nucleotides arranged in sequences that are strung together into long chains, called chromosomes. Mutations are the reason behind the creation of new genetic information within cells. Coevolution: A relationship between two species where evolutionary changes in one species are influenced by evolutionary changes in the other. Coevolution can be seen in the interaction of predator and prey, or parasite and hosts. Origins Species (groups of individuals that are able to interbreed) develop through natural changes in the traits of their offspring. The causes of these changes are numerous factors, like natural selection, gene drift and mixing of the gene pool. The evolution of new species can take thousands of years. Environmental conditions, like climate changes or competition for food and habitat can slow or speed up the process. The Evolution site traces through time the evolution of different groups of animals and plants, focusing on major transitions within each group's past. It also explores human evolution, which is a topic of particular importance to students. Darwin's Origin was written in 1859, at a time when only a handful of antediluvian fossils of humans were discovered. The most famous among them was the skullcap and bones that were discovered in 1856 at the Little Feldhofer Grotto in Germany that is now thought to be an early Homo neanderthalensis. It is highly unlikely that Darwin knew about the skullcap when it was published in 1858, a year after the publication of the first edition of The Origin. The site is mostly a biology site however, it also has a lot of information on paleontology and geology. The site offers numerous features that are especially impressive, such as a timeline of how climate and geological conditions have changed over time. It also features a map showing the distribution of fossil groups. The site is a companion to a PBS television series, but it can also be used as an educational resource by teachers and students. The site is extremely well organized and provides clear links between the introductory content in Understanding Evolution (developed with support from the National Science Foundation) and the more specialized elements of the museum Web site. These hyperlinks help users move from the enthralling cartoon style of the Understanding Evolution pages to the more sophisticated world of research science. Particularly there are hyperlinks to John Endler's experiments with Guppies, which demonstrate the importance of ecology in evolutionary theory. Diversity The evolution of life on Earth has resulted in a variety of animals, plants, and insects. Paleobiology, the study of these creatures in their geological environment is a superior method of study over modern observational or research methods for exploring evolutionary processes. In ??????? to studying processes and events that occur regularly or over a long period of time, paleobiology is able to analyze the relative abundance of different groups of organisms and their distribution throughout the geological time. The site is divided into different paths that can be chosen to gain knowledge about evolution. One of these paths, "Evolution 101," takes the viewer through the evolution of nature and the evidence of evolution. The path also explores misconceptions about evolution, and the background of evolutionary thought. Each of the other sections of the Evolution site is equally created, with resources that support a variety of different pedagogical levels and curriculum levels. In addition to the general textual content, the site features an array of interactive and multimedia resources including video clips, animations, and virtual laboratories. The content is organized in a nested, bread crumb style that facilitates navigation and orientation within the large Web site. For instance, the page "Coral Reef Connections" provides an overview of coral relationships and their interaction with other organisms, then zooms in on a single clam that is able to communicate with its neighbours and respond to changes in water conditions that take place at the level of the reef. This page, along with the other multidisciplinary, multimedia and interactive pages on the site, offer an excellent introduction to the broad spectrum of topics in evolutionary biology. The content includes an overview of the role of natural selectivity and the concept of phylogenetics, an important tool to understand evolutionary changes. Evolutionary Theory For biology students the concept of evolution is a major thread that weaves together all branches of the field. A rich collection of resources can help teachers teach about evolution across the life sciences. One resource, which is the companion to PBS's television series Understanding Evolution is an excellent example of a Web page that provides depth as well as wide range of educational resources. ?????????? features a wealth of interactive learning modules. It also features an embedded "bread crumb" structure that helps students move from the cartoon-like style of Understanding Evolution to elements on this huge site that are closer to the field of research science. For instance an animation that introduces the concept of genetic inheritance links to a page highlighting John Endler's experiments in artificial selection with guppies in native ponds of Trinidad. The Evolution Library on this website contains a large multimedia library of resources that are associated to evolution. The contents are organized into courses that are based on curriculum and follow the learning objectives set out in biology standards. It contains seven videos specifically designed for classroom use. They are available to stream or purchase as DVDs. A variety of crucial questions remain at the heart of evolutionary biology, such as what triggers evolution and how fast it occurs. This is particularly true for humans' evolution, where it was difficult to reconcile religious beliefs that humanity has a unique place in the creation and a soul, with the notion that human beings have innate physical traits evolved from Apes. There are a myriad of other ways in which evolution can take place, with natural selection as the most well-known theory. However scientists also study other types of evolution such as mutation, genetic drift and sexual selection, among others. Many fields of inquiry conflict with literal interpretations of religious texts Evolutionary biology has been the subject of particularly intense controversy and resistance from religious fundamentalists. While certain religions have managed to reconcile their beliefs with the notions of evolution, other religions haven't.
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