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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, the most commonly prescribed treatment for ADHD are believed to balance brain chemicals and increase their levels. However, they do not solve the problem and will only help manage symptoms as long as they're taken regularly. The side effects of ADHD medication can include an increase in heart rate and blood pressure and stomach upset as well as anxiety and tics. Some children and teens who take stimulant drugs experience a slight reduction in their growth. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and the most commonly used drug for treating ADHD. It is available in various forms, including chewable tablets with liquid, an orally disintegrating tablet that acts long, and a pill with extended release. The drug increases levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This can help improve concentration. It can also help to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. When coupled with other treatments, like behavioral therapy, methylphenidate may be a very effective treatment for ADHD. Methylphenidate works by blocking the transporters that remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug can cause a slight increase in heart rate or blood pressure. People with diabetes should also be cautious when taking this medication as it could cause rapid increases in blood sugar. If you experience any of these side effects, speak to your doctor. Methylphenidate can also cause a condition known as Raynaud's phenomena that causes numbness and discomfort in the fingers and toes. This is an uncommon side effect, however it is essential to inform your doctor if you are experiencing these symptoms. Some people are concerned that methylphenidate may slow children's growth. However, this has not been proven. If you have a child who is being treated with methylphenidate ensure that you monitor his or her weight and height carefully. If your child is on chewable tablets containing methylphenidate that contains phenylalanine which is potentially dangerous for children who have the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). If you have PKU, ask your doctor about different methylphenidate formulations. Some people are unable to take stimulants, which are the first treatment for ADHD. In these cases doctors may prescribe another medication that works similarly. In addition to methylphenidate, there are other stimulants such as dexamfetamine and the lisdexamfetamine. These drugs are a little more potent than methylphenidate, and they can last longer. The typical dosage is at least three times a day however some individuals may be able to take them more often. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD, but these are less effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also called Strattera and is a nonstimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration, while decreasing the impulsivity and hyperactivity. It is part of a class called selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. It works by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine two chemical messengers that control brain's activity. It is popular among people of all ages who need an alternative to stimulants such as Adderall or Vyvanse. It is important to realize that atomoxetine doesn't work instantly. It could take up to six weeks before the effects of this medication begin to show. There is also the possibility of experiencing adverse effects like drowsiness and nausea. However the benefits of atomoxetine outweigh the risks for most patients. The efficacy of atomoxetine was verified in a double-blind, multisite placebo-controlled study involving 297 ADHD patients ages 12 to 18. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either atomoxetine in a daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine and placebo groups depression symptoms were less. The treatment group with atomoxetine showed greater improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to the placebo group. However the improvement was not as dramatic (Michelson and co. 2001). In a follow-up open trial in a second open trial, 10 ADHD patients who did not respond to stimulants were given atomoxetine treatment for 8 weeks. The atomoxetine treatment group demonstrated improvement in ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Screening version rated and the Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales gaining significant. However, one patient developed an rash and resigned from the study. In addition, three patients reported transient gastrointestinal disturbances and one reported increased fatigue (Kratochvil et al 2005). Talk to your doctor before you start treatment with atomoxetine. Discuss your medical history, including any supplements or medications you take. This includes herbal remedies as well as over-the-counter medicines. Tell your doctor if any of the following conditions are present: narrow-angle glaucoma; a thyroid or adrenal gland tumor and high blood pressure heart disease or a history sudden death. It is also recommended to avoid atomoxetine if you have taken an MAO inhibitor like isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue injection, rasagiline, phenelzine or tranylcypromine in the last 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion, a non-stimulant can help improve ADHD symptoms. It can also reduce impulsivity and improve focus, although it doesn't affect the brain in the same way as stimulants. It's available by prescription only. Your doctor will determine the right dosage for you. Bupropion is available in tablets and capsules. It is important to follow the directions. There are withdrawal symptoms that can occur if you stop suddenly. It is usually taken two or three times per day with a 4-6 hour interval between each dose. The dose can vary from 100mg two or three times per day up to 150mg three or four times every day. The drug is absorbed by the digestive system and excreted in urine. It isn't able to penetrate breast milk. However, it could be absorbed into the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion can increase your blood pressure, so it's important to monitor it frequently. In addition to improving the symptoms of ADHD Bupropion can also reduce depression. It can also treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking the dopamine receptors in your brain. This prevents the neurotransmitter dopamine from entering your brain, which helps stabilize your mood. adhd medication list may interact with other medications, so it's important to tell your doctor about any other medications you're taking. It's also important to find out whether you suffer from any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants as they can make side effects worse. In several studies, bupropion was compared to placebos for adults suffering from ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed, and most studies were not conducted properly. Many of these studies excluded people with psychiatric disorders co-morbidity. However, the research suggests that bupropion can have a slight impact on ADHD. More research is required to determine the positive effects for patients, including an improvement in quality of life. Before effective treatments can be developed it is crucial to gain a better understanding of the molecular forms of ADHD. This is a greater understanding of the relationship between molecular pathways. Moreover, it's critical to know how various anti-ADHD agents work in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants may be prescribed by doctors if stimulants prescribed to children with ADHD are not effective or cause side adverse effects. These medications, such as imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), work by increasing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the brain to help people focus. These are old drugs that can have challenging adverse reactions, and are usually tried only after other medications have failed. The first option for depression-related antidepressants is typically an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline or citalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still being used in certain cases despite their long history. They are also effective in treating neuropathic pain and have an additional pain-relieving effect which is distinct from their antidepressant properties. They enhance noradrenephrine through inhibiting its reuptake. They also function as descending modulators of pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs are less harmful and have less adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also less harmful during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic for animals or humans. If they are abruptly stopped, they may cause withdrawal symptoms that are severe. To reduce the risk of these adverse effects, your physician might suggest reducing the dosage gradually over a period of time. Although not officially recognized by the FDA as an adhd medication Bupropion is a widely prescribed antidepressant that is off-label for ADHD. It's thought to increase the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain to improve concentration. It is also known to alleviate anxiety and stress. It can be paired with stimulants to achieve quicker and lasting results. There are no FDA-approved nonstimulant ADHD medications, but many people experience relief from dietary supplements and herbal remedies. A diet low on fat and sugar may help reduce ADHD symptoms. In the same way, removing caffeine can be beneficial for some. Inform your doctor about all medications that you or your child are taking, including herbal remedies and prescription medications. This will help minimize unwanted side effects and help prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect every person differently, and it's often an exercise of trial and error to determine the appropriate dosage and medication for your child or yourself.
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