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The field of programming is intrinsically linked with the field of electronics due to their shared history and ongoing collaboration. This relationship dates back to the origins of computing and has evolved over time, resulting in the intertwined nature of these two disciplines today. Depending on the source, the first electronic device ever created is considered to be either the relay (developed in 1835 by Joseph Henry) or the vacuum tube (created by Sir John Ambrose Fleming in 1904). Here at ElectronicsReference, we consider the relay to definitively be the first electronic device created. What made these devices uniquely ‘electronic’ compared with traditional ‘electric’ components, is that they are able to actively control the flow of electrons. Both relays and vacuum tubes have the ability to amplify signals, but they can also be used in a switching (on/off) mode that allows them to be used for binary arithmetic and logic. The roots of binary programming and electronics can be traced back to the early/mid-20th century. During World War II, there was a growing need for advanced calculation machines to aid in complex mathematical and scientific calculations. This need gave rise to the development of early computers, which were often massive machines composed of vacuum tubes, switches, and wiring. These early electronic computers used binary code, a system of representing data using only two symbols (usually 0 and 1). This binary code was essential for the operation of these machines, as the vacuum tubes acted as switches that could be turned on (1) or off (0) to perform calculations. Computers were programmed to perform calculations directly using binary, which was extremely difficult by today’s standards but was cutting edge at the time. The famous ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), completed in 1945, is a prime example of such a computer. These vacuum tube computers replaced relay-based computers, and were themselves replaced by transistor-based designs, which remain the basis of computers today. Over time, the process of photolithography was developed, allowing manufacturers to produce smaller and smaller components – mostly transistors. This led to the rapid development of integrated circuits described by Moore’s Law. A modern Intel quad-core processor contains about 1.5 billion transistors. Elsewhere on the net: https://electronicsreference.com/programming/ http://www.video-bookmark.com/user/electronicsreference/ https://www.magcloud.com/user/electronicsreference https://dzone.com/users/5043156/electronicsreference.html https://solo.to/electronicsreference https://linktr.ee/electronicsreference https://www.slideshare.net/zotcorporation682 https://www.bitsdujour.com/profiles/t0rYaR https://www.outdoorproject.com/users/seth-shapiro
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