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Symptoms and Diagnosis of ADHD Many adults don't receive diagnosis until their symptoms create major problems at work, school or home. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5) is used by health care providers to diagnose mental disorders. A thorough evaluation will include ADHD symptom lists and standardized behavior ratings scales. Health care professionals also ask about family history and go through old school records. Symptoms ADHD symptoms can affect the daily routine of a person, whether it is at home, school or work. They can cause problems in relationships and careers, financial problems or even a driver's licence. They can also cause emotional stress. It's normal for people to have trouble concentrating or being organized from time to time, but if it becomes an ongoing problem that interferes with everyday functioning, a health care professional may be able to diagnose ADHD. In order to be diagnosed with ADHD, a health care professional must evaluate the person in at minimum two different settings, including at home, school or work and social situations. The health care professional must monitor the patient for a minimum of six months and determine whether the symptoms are affecting their ability to function. The symptoms should also have begun before the age 12 years old. Children who meet diagnostic criteria for hyperactivity/impulsivity or inattentive type of ADHD usually are fidgety, talkative and have excess energy that keeps them from sitting still. They are usually in a hurry to finish their work, and they interrupt or interfere with other children. Children with inattention ADHD have trouble following directions and staying focused or sitting down. They tend to be distracted, forgetful or easily distracted by their surroundings. They're more prone to being ignored and miss out on opportunities to learn, especially in elementary school, which can set them up for failure later on in life. The hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD is most common in children and involves the presence of at least six symptoms that include extreme restlessness, trouble with paying attention, constant movement or "on the go" behavior, excess energy and talkativeness. They have a difficult time waiting for their turn or settling down. They also have difficulty controlling their emotions. Getting a diagnosis for ADHD can be a relief but it's also not always easy to process. People might be ashamed, but they have to be honest in order that they receive the help they're entitled to. A diagnosis could be the first time someone has realized their struggles are ascribed to. This understanding can allow them to change their perception of themselves, which can lead to positive changes. Diagnosis ADHD symptoms can manifest at different time points in adults and children. In children, symptoms usually begin in the middle of elementary school. For adults, it's slightly later. The symptoms may be mild, moderate, or severe. They can also be a combination of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity or more focused on one or the other. In some cases, the disorder is misdiagnosed. It could be autism or a mood disorders like depression or anxiety. If your child or teenager shows signs of ADHD, the first step is to consult your doctor. They will perform an examination of the body, including vision and audio to ensure that there is nothing else wrong. They will ask you and your child to complete an inventory of their symptoms. They'll want to know how their symptoms have affected their home and school life. They will also want to hear about any past problems they've experienced. Adults are diagnosed with ADHD by a doctor who is qualified to diagnose it. They will use clinical interviews, behavior rating scales, or symptoms checklists. They might also do psychological tests to gauge your cognitive abilities as well as learn how you think and process information. They can also conduct an examination of the brain using the FDA-approved Neuropsychiatric EEG Based Assessment Aid (NEBA) which is a device that measures brain activity in specific brain regions that regulate your attention and your impulsivity. They will also look at your medical records to see whether there are any additional mental health issues or injuries, such as head trauma or thyroid problems which can trigger similar symptoms. They may refer you to a thorough evaluation to psychiatrists or psychologists. To be able to receive a diagnosis of ADHD it is necessary to have a minimum of six or more signs that started in childhood, or prior to age 12. The symptoms should have been present for at least 6 months and cause significant problems in your daily functioning. Adults must meet the lower threshold for diagnosis, however the criteria are the same: You must exhibit at least five symptoms that interfere with your social, work and home life. Treatment Treatment is designed to reduce symptoms and restore functioning at home, work and at school. There are many treatment options, including medications and behavior therapy. Many people have success through lifestyle changes, for example, creating a consistent routine, using a planner or notebook and scheduling tasks in advance. Certain people might benefit from treatments for learning disabilities like metacognitive therapy which aids them in improving their problem-solving abilities and organizational skills, or cognitive behavioral treatment, which addresses thinking distortions that can lead to low self-esteem and mood swings. Health care professionals who are specially trained to recognize ADHD can recommend the most appropriate treatment plan for a person's situation. They will look at the person's symptoms, and in the case of an adult, they will also consider their childhood and school experiences. They will employ clinical interviewing, scales for assessing behavior, and symptom checklists in order to determine if the person meets ADHD diagnostic criteria. They may also conduct the family history of mental health issues and physical illnesses. They will inquire about the person's moods and behaviors and how they have changed over time. The diagnosis of ADHD is made based on six or more symptoms, which begin before 12 years of age and create problems in at least two different settings (at school, at home or in social situations). The symptoms have to be present for at least six months. Additionally the symptoms must be significantly more troublesome than what is expected for a person at that age. There aren't any brain scans or blood tests to determine ADHD However, medical checks are usually carried out to ensure there's no other issue with the individual. Doctors will look over the patient's symptoms, as well as their medical and psychiatric background and may recommend an eye exam or a hearing test. Certain people suffering from ADHD are genetically predisposed to the disorder. If the person has a parent or sibling with ADHD, they have about 91% of the chance of being diagnosed with the disorder. ADHD is often associated with a anxiety or mood disorder. These disorders are more difficult to manage than ADHD alone. Prevention Many things, including certain medical conditions, as well as learning disabilities, can lead to symptoms similar to those associated with ADHD. It's important to consult an expert in mental health or a health professional for an assessment prior to determining a diagnosis. This person will ask your child about their symptoms and how they impact their daily lives. They can use checklists or rating scales to determine if your child suffers from ADHD. They could also perform a physical exam and test for problems with vision or hearing. They may also order an examination of the brain, known as an EEG that examines beta and theta waves to detect changes in the brain function of your child. Children who are diagnosed with ADHD must show symptoms that are more than the norm for their age and developmental level. The signs of inattention, impulsivity or hyperactivity have to cause serious problems at home, at school or work. The symptoms must also hinder your child's social interactions. If your child is suffering from moderate or severe ADHD, they will require medication to lead a normal life. Children suffering from ADHD may find it difficult to follow directions and remain on task and can result in low self-esteem and poor grades. They may also struggle with social relationships, as they are unable to recognize social signals. They frequently interrupt others and can appear aggressive or intense. They are susceptible to depression, anxiety as well as substance abuse and issues with relationships. People with mild ADHD have symptoms that are evident but they do not hinder their daily lives or make it difficult to maintain relationships or work. People with severe or moderate ADHD have more symptoms and are more likely to experience issues with their jobs, like difficulty keeping a job, getting along with colleagues, or maintaining relationships. If they do not seek treatment may face serious consequences. This could include financial problems as well as health and legal issues. There are a number of treatments available for ADHD which include psychosocial and behavioral therapy, diet and nutrition, exercise, sleep improvements, and medications. NIMH provides more info rmation about these options and how to speak with your family members about them.
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