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The Evolution Site

The theory of evolution based on natural selection is the defining force of modern biology. It connects disciplines such as genetics, microbiology and palaeontology.

The study of evolution may be controversial, and the misinformation that results can lead to confusion about its basic concepts. This site clarifies essential concepts.

What is Evolution?

The current understanding of evolution focuses on the gradual change that occurs within populations over time. These changes are the results of natural selection. This is a process which increases the number organisms with beneficial traits, which allow them to thrive and reproduce in certain environments. As a result, these organisms produce more offspring than those who don't possess the beneficial traits. This can lead to a genetic mutation which could eventually result in new species.

The term "evolution" is usually associated with "survival-of-the most fittest" which implies that individuals who are better adapted to certain environmental conditions will have a distinct advantage over those less well adapted. This is only one of the many ways that evolution can happen.

Another common way the word evolution is used is to suggest that a species will inevitably move from one state of being to the next one. This kind of view can be described as anagenetic, or cladogenesis. This theory is not supported by the definition of evolution in science. Instead, the theory of evolution that is scientifically based focuses on changes that take place within populations over time, and these changes are caused by genetic mutations and natural selection.

Certain scientists, including the great Charles Darwin, advocated this view of evolution. Others, notably Alfred Russel Wallace, who developed the theory of macroevolution and believed that this was the only way the higher forms of life could have evolved from the lower ones.

To be able to be considered a theory, it has to be able to stand up to rigorous tests and evidence. The evidence for evolution has withstood the test of time and has been supported by a myriad of studies across various scientific disciplines, from biology to geology to chemistry to astronomy. In reality evolution is regarded as one of the foundations of science today and is backed by the majority of scientists worldwide. However, many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution, particularly how it is related to religion.

What is the Theory of Evolution?

Evolution is the scientific explanation of the way living things change over time. It is based on a range of well-established and observable facts that show that more offspring are created than are likely to survive; that individuals differ from one another in their physical characteristics (phenotype) and that distinct traits have different rates of survival and reproduction and can be passed down to future generations. These observations are backed up by an increasing body of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology and climatology functional morphology geology.

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently developed the theory of evolution by selection in the mid-19th century as a reason why organisms adapt to their biological and physical environments. It is now the best-supported and most extensively tested theory in the field of science. Its predictions have been proved out by the fact that, for instance more complex organisms are more likely to have fewer genetic mutations than simpler ones. In addition the more efficient an organism is in surviving and reproducing in its ability to reproduce, the more likely it will be to pass on its genes to future generations.

Some people oppose evolution because they believe it implies that there is no purpose to life. However, a lot of scientists who are also religious such as the renowned Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris, believe that evolution is not only compatible with belief in God but also enhances it (BioLogos 2014).

In actual fact, a significant number of highly trained evolutionary biologists, including some who are renowned evangelical Christian leaders, have been involved in the creation and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of them have contributed to the understanding of a broad range of phenomena, including phylogenetics and genomics, and the formation and function of fossils.

The word "theory" is often used incorrectly to mean an assumption or speculation but in reality it refers to a scientific hypothesis that has been rigorously tested and refined over time. Scientists test their hypotheses by repeating experiments or observations that resulted in them. Therefore, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly tested out, as have the related theories of Copernican, germ and atomic theory.

What is the Process of Evolution?

The process of evolution is the gradual shift over time in the percentage of genetically distinct individuals within a specific species. This is the result of natural selection, which favors those who are better adapted for their environment. The people who are more adaptable have higher chances of reproduction and survival. As more people survive and reproduce their genes become more prevalent in the population. This process is sometimes called "survival for the fittest."

According to the theory of evolution the mutations that result in genomic variation are the raw material of evolutionary change. These mutations can occur at random or be influenced by the environment. When mutations are random the resulting allele frequencies may vary from generation to generation. If a mutation is beneficial, it will increase the frequency of alleles which causes the allele to spread throughout the population.

Changes in the frequency of alleles can lead to new species as time passes. ??????? could continue to evolve and become newer forms. This process is known as macroevolution. The development of an entirely new species is typically caused by changes in the environment which make certain kinds of resources available or create new environmental problems. For instance, the rise of finches in the Galapagos Islands is a result of the abundance of food sources and the need to defend themselves from predators.

In a wider sense, evolution can be defined as any change in the characteristics of living organisms over time. This change can be small or even the creation of a new coloration, or large, such as the creation of a new organ.

Scientists who believe in the theory of evolution generally agree that genetic change is important in the process of generating evolution. They also acknowledge that the process of evolution occurs over a long period of time, typically millions of years. However, they differ over the role of different factors that speed up or slow down the process, like the impact of environmental pressures, sexual selection, and mutation bias. Despite these differences scientists believe that evolution is happening and the evidence to prove this is overwhelming.

What evidence can be found for evolution?

Since Darwin's time scientists have collected evidence to back his theory of evolution. Some of this evidence comes from fossils, which show the changing characteristics of living things over time. Similarities between living organisms as well as embryology, biogeography, and genetics are further evidence.


The evolutionary tree is the most effective method to prove the existence of evolution. It shows how different species are related. Homologous structures are another source of evidence. They share a common structure, but they perform different functions in different species, such as the wing of a bat or bird. The fact that different species evolve and adapt to the same environment is also a sign of evolution. For instance, arctic foxes and Ptarmigans have white seasonal pelts that blend in with the snow and ice. This is a form of convergent evolutionary, which suggests that the species had common ancestors.

Another evidence point is vestigial structures, which are unused organs that could serve a purpose in the distant ancestor. For instance the human appendix may be a vestige of a once-used organ used to digest food. These structures tend to shrink in size as they're no longer in use in a process called natural selection.

Scientists have also gathered additional evidence for evolution through observation and experimentation. Evidence for evolution is divided into six categories: directly observed small-scale changes, biogeographic patterns and comparative anatomy, the fossil record, genetics, and classification. Each of these categories provides compelling evidence for the evolution of life.

Although many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution it is a scientific fact. It is not a speculative theory, but a significant collection of evidence built on years of observation. Regardless of what people believe or deny about the theory of evolution, scientists continue to study and gather new information to better know the story of life on Earth. This information will allow scientists to better understand how to prevent future catastrophes on the planet, and how to use the resources available on our planet. This information will also help us better serve the needs and desires of the people who live on our planet.

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