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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, the most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD seem to balance brain chemicals and boost their levels. However, they don't cure the condition and will only help with symptoms as long as they're taken regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medications may include changes in blood pressure, heart rate, anxiety, and tics. Some children and teens who are taking stimulant medication have a slight decrease in their growth. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant for the central nervous system and is the most widely prescribed drug to treat ADHD. It comes in a variety of forms such as a chewable tablet that is liquid, a long-acting orally disintegrating tablet, and an extended release pill. The drug works by increasing the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which helps to improve concentration. It may also reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methylphenidate can be a successful treatment for ADHD in combination with other treatments, such as behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters that remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug can cause a small increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Patients with diabetes should be aware of this medication as it could cause rapid increases in blood sugar. Speak to your doctor when you have any of these symptoms. Methylphenidate can also cause the condition known as Raynaud's phenomenon that causes numbness and pain in the toes and fingers. This is a rare, but serious side result. It is important to notify your doctor if these symptoms are observed. There are some who believe that methylphenidate could slow children's growth. However, this has not been proved. If you have a child who is being treated with methylphenidate, be sure to monitor his or her weight and height carefully. If your child is taking chewable tablets containing methylphenidate is a phenylalanine-based tablet, which is a risk for children suffering from the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). If you suffer from PKU consult your doctor about the different forms of methylphenidate. Certain people have issues with stimulants, which are the first option for treating ADHD. In these cases, doctors could prescribe another medication that performs similarly. There are other stimulants, like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine, in addition to the methylphenidate. These are stronger than methylphenidate and can last longer. They are usually taken at least three times a day, but some people might be able take them more frequently. Psychological treatments are also available for treating ADHD, but they are less likely to prove helpful than a stimulant. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also known as Strattera and is a non-stimulant ADHD drug that boosts concentration while reducing the impulsivity and hyperactivity. It's part of a class of medications known as selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It works by boosting levels of norepinephrine and dopamine, two chemical messengers that control the brain's activity. It is a preferred choice for both adults and children who want a different type of medication than stimulants, such as Adderall and Vyvanse. It is crucial to understand that atomoxetine does not work immediately. It could take up to six weeks before the effects of this medication become apparent. There is also the possibility of experiencing side effects such as drowsiness and nausea. For most patients the advantages of taking atomoxetine far outweigh any risks. The effectiveness of atomoxetine was confirmed in a multisite double-blind placebo-controlled study involving 297 ADHD patients between the ages of 12 and 18. The participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine at a daily dose of 0.6 mg per kilogram or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine as well as placebo groups, symptoms of depression were less. The atomoxetine treatment group showed greater improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to the placebo group. The improvement was modest. In a separate open study in another open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who failed to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine for 8 weeks. The group treated with atomoxetine showed improvement in ADHD symptoms in comparison to placebo, with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Rated screening version and the Clinical Global Impression Severity scales increasing significantly. One patient however, experienced an allergic reaction and was removed from the study. Additionally, three patients reported transient gastrointestinal disturbances and one experienced increased fatigue (Kratochvil and colleagues, 2005). Talk to your doctor prior to you start treatment with atomoxetine regarding your health history, including any supplements or medications you are taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as over-the-counter medications. Tell your doctor whether any of the following conditions occur for narrow-angle glaucoma thyroid or adrenal gland tumour; high blood pressure; heart disease or sudden death. You should also avoid atomoxetine if taken an MAO inhibitor, such as isocarboxazid, linezolid or methylene blue injection rasagiline, phenelzine, or tranylcypromine in the last 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion, a nonstimulant can help improve ADHD symptoms. It also helps reduce impulsivity and improve concentration, but it does not affect the brain in the same way as stimulants. Only prescriptions are approved. Your doctor will determine the best dosage for you. Bupropion is available in capsules and tablets. It is important to take the medication exactly as directed. You may experience withdrawal symptoms when you stop abruptly. It is usually taken two or three times per day with 4-6 hours between each dose. The dose can range between 100 mg twice or three times per day to 150 mg three or four times a day. The drug is in the digestive system and excreted into urine. It cannot enter breast milk. However, it can enter the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion increases blood pressure. It's important to monitor it frequently. In addition to reducing the symptoms of ADHD, bupropion can also reduce depression. It is also a treatment for bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine receptors within your brain. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, is blocked from entering your brain, which can help stabilize mood. Bupropion may interact with other drugs. Tell your doctor if you are taking any other medication. It's also important to determine whether you are allergic to. You should also avoid caffeine or other stimulants that can make the side effects worse. A number of studies have compared bupropion to placebos in adults with ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed and most studies were not conducted properly. Additionally, many excluded participants with psychiatric comorbidity. However, the research suggests that bupropion has a modest effect on ADHD. Further research is needed to determine the positive effects for patients, including an improvement in quality of living. Before effective treatments can be created it is essential to gain a better understanding of the molecular causes of ADHD. This is a greater understanding of the relation between the different molecular pathways. It's also important to understand how anti-ADHD drugs function in combination with psychotherapy. add in adults medication When the stimulants prescribed to children suffering from ADHD aren't effective or cause undesirable side effects, the doctor may turn to antidepressants as a treatment. These medications, like imipramine and Nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor), increase the neurotransmitters dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain, which help people focus. These older drugs can have serious side negative effects. They are usually only employed when other drugs do not work. The first choice of antidepressant for depression is typically a selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) like fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, or escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still being used in certain cases, despite their long history. These medications are also effective in treating neuropathic pain. They provide a pain-relieving effect that is separate from their antidepressant properties. They enhance the noradrenephrine receptor by blocking its reuptake. They also act as descending modulators for pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs have less risk of toxicity and less serious side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. Additionally, they're safe in the womb and do not appear to cause teratogenicity in humans or animals. However, they may cause severe withdrawal symptoms if abruptly stopped. Your doctor may suggest slowly decreasing the dosage over several weeks to reduce the effects. Although it isn't officially recognized by the FDA as an adhd medication, bupropion is a commonly prescribed antidepressant that is off-label for ADHD. It is believed to be effective by increasing neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which improves concentration. It is also believed to ease anxiety and can be utilized in conjunction with stimulants for more rapid and long-lasting results. While there are no other FDA-approved nonstimulant drugs for ADHD however, many people get relief from the use of dietary supplements and herbs. A diet that is low in fat and sugar can help to reduce ADHD symptoms. In the same way, removing caffeine can be beneficial to some people. Discuss with your doctor any medications you or your child take such as herbal remedies and over-the-counter medicines. This can help reduce unwanted side effects as well as prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect everyone differently, which is why it's often a process of trial and error to determine the right dosage and drug for your child or you.
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